If a parent is transferring to a nursing home, you may ask if their home must be sold. It is common in a parent’s later years for a  parent to add an adult child on the parent's title to their home with a line of credit and very little equity.  If the parent has long-term care insurance or a life insurance policy with a nursing home rider, these can help cover the costs of assisted living.  However, if relying on state aid, through Medicaid, the parent will need to qualify for coverage based on their income and assets.

Seniors Matter’s recent article entitled “If my mom moves to a nursing home, does her home need to be sold?” says that if your mother has assets in her name, but not enough resources to pay for an extended nursing home stay, this can add another level of complexity.

Medicaid income and asset limits are low—and vary by state. Homes are usually excluded from the asset limits for qualification purposes. That is because most states’ Medicaid programs will not count a nursing home resident's home as an asset when calculating an applicant’s eligibility for Medicaid, provided the resident intends to return home

However, a home may come into play later on because states eventually attempt to recover their costs of providing care. If a parent stays a year-and-a-half in a nursing home—the typical stay for women— when her home is sold, the state will make a claim for a share of the home’s sales proceeds.

Many seniors use an irrevocable trust to avoid this “asset recovery.” Trusts can be expensive to create and require the help of an experienced elder law attorney. As a result, in some cases this may not be an option. If there is not enough equity left after the sale of the home, some states also pursue other assets, such as bank accounts, to satisfy  nursing home expense claims.

An adult child selling the home right before the parent goes into a nursing home would not avoid the state trying to recover its costs. This because Medicaid has a look-back period for asset transfers occurring within five years.

There are some exceptions. For example, if an adult child lived with their parent in the house as her caregiver prior to her being placed in a nursing home. However, there are other requirements.

Talk to elder law attorney on the best way to go, based on state law and other specific factors.

Reference: Seniors Matter (Feb. 25, 2022) “If my mom moves to a nursing home, does her home need to be sold?”